Are there different types of vegetarianism, and what are their distinctions?
Yes, there are different types of vegetarianism, each with its own distinctions. The main types include lacto-ovo vegetarianism, lacto-vegetarianism, ovo-vegetarianism, pescatarianism, and veganism.
Long answer
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Lacto-ovo vegetarianism: This is the most common type of vegetarianism. Lacto-ovo vegetarians avoid consuming meat, fish, and poultry but still include dairy products (lacto) and eggs (ovo) in their diet. They rely on plant-based foods including fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, dairy products such as milk and cheese, and eggs.
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Lacto-vegetarianism: Lacto-vegetarians exclude both eggs and meat from their diet but consume dairy products like milk, cheese, yogurt, etc. This type of vegetarianism is common in India where vegetarian cuisine often avoids eggs while incorporating dairy.
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Ovo-vegetarianism: Ovo-vegetarians refrain from eating meat and dairy products but consume eggs along with plant-based foods. Eggs become the primary source of animal protein for them.
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Pescatarianism: Pescatarians abstain from meat but include seafood in their diet. They typically eat fish and shellfish along with a plant-based diet.
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Veganism: Vegans follow the strictest form of vegetarian diet by excluding any animal-derived product or byproduct from their lifestyle choices. In addition to avoiding meat (including fish), they do not consume dairy products, eggs or honey either. Vegan diets solely focus on plant-based foods that provide necessary nutrients through grains, legumes (e.g., beans), fruits and vegetables for a balanced lifestyle.
It’s important to note that individuals may adopt these types of vegetarian diets for various reasons such as ethical concerns regarding animal welfare or environmental impact, personal health goals or restrictions, cultural or religious beliefs.