How does Solar Power work?
Solar power works by converting sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) cells. These cells, typically made from silicon, are specifically designed to absorb and convert sunlight photons into a flow of electrons. The energy generated is then transferred to an inverter, which converts the direct current (DC) electricity produced by the PV cells into alternating current (AC), suitable for powering electrical devices and feeding into the grid.
Long answer
Solar power harnesses the immense energy radiated by the sun through photovoltaic technology. Photons, particles of light, emitted by the sun travel towards Earth where they are absorbed by solar panels consisting of interconnected photovoltaic cells. Each cell contains layers of crystalline silicon or other semiconductor materials that have been treated to create an electric field within them.
When photons strike these specially designed cells, they transfer their energy to atoms in the semiconductor material, knocking out electrons from their stable positions. This process generates a flow of electron movement or DC electricity. By wiring together numerous PV cells on a solar panel or module and connecting multiple panels in an array, larger amounts of electricity can be produced based on the total surface area exposed to sunlight.
However, as most home appliances and electrical systems use AC power rather than DC power, an inverter is required to convert the generated DC electricity into AC electricity. Once converted to AC, the solar-generated power can either be directly used by devices connected to the building’s electrical system or sent out onto the main utility grid.
Additionally, solar power systems may incorporate batteries for storing excess electricity generated during times of low demand or high production. These stored reserves enable continuous power supply when sunlight is unavailable (e.g., during cloudy periods or at night).
Apart from generating clean renewable energy and reducing reliance on fossil fuels with associated harmful emissions, solar panels have no moving parts and usually require minimal maintenance throughout their lifespan—typically ranging between 25 to 30 years—making them an attractive source of sustainable energy.